Buffy Lee never dreamed her pasture was lethal.

The fencing seemed safe. There was no dangerous equipment lying around. Every day, she fed and checked on her horses, and all seemed pretty normal. But there was one thing that wasn’t quite right. “Red,” Buffy’s 2-year-old Quarter Horse gelding, despite proper care, was unable to maintain good body condition.

“When he was around 18 months old, Red’s weight began to fluctuate greatly,” Buffy recalls. She adjusted his feed and de-wormed him, but nothing helped.

In July 2003, Buffy noticed Red was unusually lethargic, spending all of his time leaning on the fence half asleep or lying down. He began losing more weight and plodded around the pasture, not even breaking into a trot.

“ He began to resemble a rescue horse,” Buffy recalls. “I could see his hip bones plainly and count his ribs. People who didn’t have horses could tell Red’s condition was bad. I was really afraid someone would take him away.”

Terrified by Red’s complete lack of muscle and fat, Buffy asked a veterinarian to examine the gelding. The veterinarian gave the gelding a steroid shot, never suspecting plant poisoning.

Buffy, who lives in Yulee, Florida, just north of Jacksonville, knew her pasture was overgrown with weeds, but she never realized there were poisonous plants creeping along with the grasses.

Close Call
Red began to slowly recover then hit rock bottom again in September 2003. On September 15, he went down with a bad case of colic.

Frantically calling veterinarians in the area, Buffy realized she did not have much time. Desperate and determined to save her young gelding, Buffy was finally able to get a friend to trailer the horse to the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine in Gainesville.

“ When we got there, they told me he only had two hours left [to live], if I hadn’t brought him in,” Buffy says.

The team of assisting veterinarians began pumping Red’s stomach. According to Buffy, the surgeon said the fluids from Red’s stomach smelled like poison.

Toxic Overload
Buffy first worried that someone had been poisoning her horse. Then, one neighbor suggested checking the pastures for toxic weeds.

Determined to get to root of the matter, Buffy researched poisonous weeds and even identified the weed she saw Red eating out in the pasture.

The weed that had poisoned Red: pokeweed.

“ I saw him eating it constantly, but I didn’t thing anything of it,” Buffy recalls. “I kept feeding him hay and feed, but the pokeweed was the only thing in the pasture. He must have acquired a preference for the bitter-tasting weed.”

While Red was recovering at the university, Buffy took to the pastures to kill the toxic weeds. She was overwhelmed by the amount of pokeweed in Red’s pasture, so she fixed a paddock for Red to stay in until she could eliminate the weeds.

Finding Hope
Once Red came home from the hospital, Buffy was faced with the challenge of finding a feed that could nurse him back to health. Again, seeking advice from friends and neighbors, she found out about Seminole Feed and called the company’s toll-free nutrition helpline.

“I was very impressed when I called the company,” Buffy says. A Seminole equine nutritionist made feeding suggestions for Red and also gave Buffy directions to a feed store in her area.

By the middle of November 2003, Buffy was providing a premium Seminole Feed product, twice a day. Buffy was hoping Red would recover and gain the weight he had lost, but she expected his growth to be stunted.

After a few weeks on his new feeding program, Red began to grow and fill out. Buffy could hardly contain her excitement when she had to buy Red a new winter blanket, four sizes bigger than his previous blanket.

Now as a 4-year-old, Red enjoys running and playing in his weed-free paddock. He currently thrives on a diet of Gold Chance 12, timothy and alfalfa cubes and coastal hay. Buffy is pleased with Red’s performance and growth with Seminole Feed. According to her, Red towers over horses that were once twice his size.

“I tell everyone about the dangers of not knowing what your horse is feeding himself and about the great people at Seminole who will help you fill the nutritional needs of your horse,” Buffy says.

 What is Poke Sallet?
If you grew up in the South, you have probably heard of poke sallet, often called “poke salad.” Old timers picked the young tender shoots of pokeweed, boiled it down a couple of times and feasted on the dish. The leaves are vibrant and green. The berries are dark and mysterious. But even though pokeweed is deemed by many as a Southern delicacy, a hidden danger lies beneath.
Pokeweed, also known as American Nightshade, Inkberry, Pigion Berry and Pokeberry, is an herbaceous perennial native to America. It grows from Maine to Florida and Minnesota to Texas. Even though it usually grows on a fence row, it can be found along roads, in fields and waste sites.
According to the Alabama Cooperative Extension System, the pokeweed contains three types of poison: phytolaccatoxin, triterpene saponins and phytolaccin.

American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
American Pokeweed, or Common Pokeweed, is also known as Poke and Polk Sallet
(Sallet is often mistaken for Salad).

Plant Type: This is a herbaceous plant, it is a perennial which can reach a height of 3 Meters (10 feet ) . The stem is often purple.
Leaves: The leaves are alternate. Leaves can reach 23cm in length (9inches). Each leaf is entire.
Flowers: The flowers have 5 Regular Parts and are up to 0.5cm wide (0.2 inches). They are white. Blooms first appear in early summer and continue into early fall. They are in an upright raceme.
Fruit: A dark purple berry.
Habitat: Fields, fencerows and waste places.
Range: Most of eastern U. S. except extreme north.

Common pokeweed is a simple, erect, herbaceous perennial that sometimes resembles a small tree, growing up to 10 feet in height. Common pokeweed emerges each year from a large taproot or from seeds. The base of the pokeweed stem is typically deep red-purple in color. The smooth, hairless, hollow, fleshy stem can attain diameters of four inches. The large elliptical leaves range from 12- to 20-inches long. They are about a third as wide as they are long. The leaves are alternate on the stem and are hairless. Flowers are in dense, drooping clusters with white-green petals that bloom from July through August. Flower clusters occur opposite a leaf. From a distance, the purple fruit resembles a bunch of grapes that hang down from the point of attachment on the plant. Common pokeweed is found throughout Ohio in clearings and open woods and is becoming more abundant in reduced tillage fields.

Pokeweed is a plant that will cause severe poisoning and is one that livestock will not avoid eating. The thick, woody roots of pokeweed are the most poisonous part of the plant and account for most livestock poisonings. The fruit of pokeweed is the least toxic part of the plant, but may be responsible for human deaths. The toxic compound is an alkaloid called phytolaccotoxin. Horses can be poisoned by eating fresh leaves or green fodder. Symptoms of poisoning from pokeweed include burning sensations in the mouth, gastrointestinal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea.